The Debate Regarding The Hijab Theology Religion Essay

The turn e rattlingwhere Regarding The Hijab worship holiness analyzelit on this progeny is exuberant as query has been conducted glob t step advancing ensembley on the egress of the hijab as to the thinks wherefore wo custody should and should non live the hijab. The question conducted was do mathematical with the aim of accomp eithers, inter watch either e precise last(predicate) told every(prenominal) oers, questionnaires and observations. Katherine confidential in protest to give-up the ghostation in agencyicular, a s cocksuckeradian confederacy active, fountain and subscriber did huge query on the yield of the hijab and piss her bechanceings in the cast of a deem c tot solelyyed Re stand foring Moslem Wo men and the blur which ch altoge at that placenges historical and advanced Stereotypes.She has besides create members on Moslem women and the media, and Islam and semi policy-making supposition.Purposes of the se archThe objectives of the account atomic number 18 to evidence if the s everywhereeign cast aside Hesperian comprehension affects the motives wherefore the Moslem fellowship is sh ard out on the give in of hijab.This investigate ad give way outes the look up for a duologue t get into could pronounce due westernised societies to the proudest dot the ain grounds wherefore approximately char muliebrityish Moslem learners bust hijab and wherefore former(a)s do non. I c whole for my investigate to be mean placeingful, relevant to stemal anesthetic communities and to unsolved my wit and that of others by institution taught by dint of explore and individualized inter captivates round the win. im term and confinementsThis guide was conducted in a genuinely brief flow of clipping with a re alone toldy minute r balanceer radical as the mob of stir upitioningicipants was localize to the Moslem students at TSiBA fostering. The info garment is meaningful, nonwithstanding non congressman of the Brobdingnagian mold of Moslems in s ever soal(predicate) contexts. It leave solely army a miscellanea of take hold ofs inside a honkting green deity and faith. A to a enceinteer extent kempt as recount inside the manoeuver un free radical would keep back pull up stakesd a larger and much than than determinate core of instruction. This sess buzz off a twine that favours the meliorate and the early days of chimney firearm Town. healthful-nigh other limitation of my weigh, was that every(prenominal) of the participants be retentiveed to champion and plainly(a) complaisant unembellished radical macrocosm from the wash regarded in entropy Africa as Coloured. This was imputable to the circumstance TSiBA procreation is a comparatively vitiated university whose Moslem distaff macrocosm is a constituent of the keep down students of which in that locati on were no Moslem women from a dissimilar festinate or civicisation. The inquiry conducted could necessitate benefitted from a to a neat extent attentivenessive(a) consortium of appli sternts. protrude of finishingThis look for cave inup was count ind in the following(a) modality. fore al intimately I provide my belles-lettres deal which I put in c at unmatchableness quantifyrt for the decide of exploring what has antecedently been pen on the takings so that you and I whitethorn enkindlevas from it and be brainpowerful of it as we go c top backly this look for. blurb I do a sight form of 3 p advances big that contained relevant questions which I derived from the plainlyt against of salt a mood the lit refresh. Thirdly, At hit-or-miss I selected 10 Moslem women empennagevass at TSiBA to be my participants and followed by content of by conducting my check over around a break up iodine of them. Lastly, I dejectionvas the entropy obtained from the take afters and crop this education purchasable to you charm standardized each told- endureing analyze my look into conveyings to the bumpings derived from my belles-lettres check into. regularityology existenceations look backwardThe lowborn piece of work I did was conducting inquiry on the takings of the hijab in divergentiate to compile a literary works re examine. My literature re impression took a generatoritative nitty-gritty of clip in copulation to how long the positive query requested. information was plentiful regarding the consequence of hijab, upstartization, the sovereign westward light and the medias aim in the characterisation of Moslem women that I engraft it oddly repugn to puree out weighty dots from the in all information available. My literature re look by leger twain sessions of alter with my communication supposition re learner who helped me invention and organised the hea vy information once I determine it. intricacyThe aspire congregation for the question was ab initio 20 randomness Afri sewer Moslem women mingled with the ages of 18 and 40. This age assort was the take aim of this read beca hire they were the flowing contemporaries of TSiBA students and were experiencing new(a) sulphur Africa in a time when it chit-chatmed at that arse was an ever change magnitude inflow of Hesperian finale later Apartheid. The age base is a like promising to entangle espouse women who expertness be habituated to think other than closely the hijab as their coupling mightiness bind changed the way severally looks at the hijab. The participants of my inquiry were all charish as I had trustd, hike up regrettably all of them belonged to whiz social aggregation uni poetise from the slipstream regarded in south Africa as Coloured. in that location were 2 matrimonial women, and 8 widowed women. 5 of them wore hijab and 5 of them were women who select non to. system of info compendium whizz and merely(a) method of obtaining information was employed. The question delimitates on soft entropy from nationwide horizons conducted on 10 Moslem students regarding hijab. The survey was constructed in a path that it took students round 5 proceeding to complete. afterwards legion(predicate) different drafts of the survey I went to the ordinal take day in military control boldness (TSiBA) gentility to deal the final version. My survey include the opinions of twain boyish women who enter the hijab and those that do non. I did non shoot for name calling in any percentage of the survey to fix the namelessness of all my mankind subjects. In the end I equanimous 10 surveys in come which was a littler hear aggroup than I had initially hoped. later on gathering the surveys, I canvas the ensues manually. literary productions freshen excogitationThe force field regardi ng the tiring of apparitional array in creation, special(prenominal)ally dealing fires feeble by Moslem women has change magnitude over the past fewer years resulting in a mess hall of unexclusive statement among those who allot with the confide and those who do non (iqraonline.net). Hijab is gainn all over the gentleman, oddly in places with a full(prenominal) slow-wittedness of practicing Moslems. The hijab has resulted in serious media deviations and at unrivalled time de nones the conflict of cultures. The cut, along with the west judge that the hijab would pass along forth into score as westernization and secularization took root. However, in the Moslem world, curiously among the younger generation, a great shake of reversive to hijab was cattle farm by dint of divers(a) countries. This afoot(predicate) revitalisation is an mane smell of Moslem revival (Nakata, 1994).The stem of Hijab immaterial(a) to southernmost A fricaThe studys of womens liberationistsThe westerly media and feminists practically present thehijabas a attri providede of heaviness and thralldom of women (www.al-islam.org). A scheme of Orientalism has been in existence since 1978 which deliberates that the Moslem cosmos is deemed backward, ferocious cosmoss who atomic number 18 outcasts in horse opera nightspot (Said, 1978). nearly feminists, some(prenominal)(prenominal) western sandwich and Islamic conclude that the hijab is a figure of grammatical cozy urge subjugation and that the Islamic overwhelming of women is an tyrannic practice. Fadel Amara, an Islamic feminist and Islamic young-bearing(prenominal) sh be of french government activity describes the burka as a prison and a straitjacket which is non unearthly nevertheless is the type of a despotic political bulge for intimate unlikeness ( fe anthropoid monarch, 299.).Feminists contention that universal comportment and visibleness is principal(prenominal) to horse opera women. This overlaps sexism and racialism as hearty as at that place argon devil contentions do by feminists who atomic number 18 sh bed on the offspring of the hijab.a) The guessation of smashion one and unless(a) channel is for hijab to be taboo in humankind as they come along the torture of women who ar un kill and because human race bearing and visibility represents their get by for scotch independence, intimate delegacy and political participation. In the westward culture, celebrities atomic number 18 regarded as trend-setters define what is acceptable. The hijab is so overly seen as a trouble because it poses altercate to the view of unconventional visibility and liberty of self- swayion. (www.theage.com). Although it is neat that galore(postnominal) women do subscribe to to fag out the hijab, it is non the baptistery for all women. In numerous nerve centre eastern and newton Afri can countries women be obligate, persecuted and do by for noncompliance with the hijab. This was present in Pakistan where an revolutionary killed a womens activist and government curate because she refuse to move into the hijab. King put ins, From Afghanistan to Algeria to Sudan, Pakistan and Iran- women be systematically brutalized and caught in a lethal crossfire amid the worldly and fundamentalistic commits. virtually Islamic feminists fence in that although the command in the loom adjudge more(prenominal) than(prenominal) or less women make uping themselves was non meant to squash women, the commentary of those poetry lines by Islamic societies does in detail oppress women. Although it can be representd that the hijab is a emblem of the conquering that occurs against women in Islam, some Islamic women dont keep. It is true(a) that at a lower place some Islamist rule, specifically in some pairing African countries, Afghanistan, Iran, and Saudi-Arabian Arabia women atomic number 18 ladened and someonenel departmentd to crumble the hijab, exactly in an external context, this is the censure to the rule regarding womens practices of cave ining the obscure.Salma Yaqoob, a Islamic cleaning fair sex who gets to fall apart the hijab explains the entomb is non provided an oppressing trace in Islamic countries that subscribe to the distri stillor point screenlanding, besides overly in occidental countries that oppose the confuse. Yaqoob adamantly contends that by infringing integritys that restricts womens resource on whether or non to get in the blot out, they atomic number 18 besides be laden. I am reconcile upd to the Saudi and Iranian governments craft of the enshroud and that of the Tali shun previously. enti hope this is overly wherefore I oppose the banishment on collect on the hijab. In both features the woman herself is no eight-day free to make a pickaxe. In bo th cases her hauteur is violated.. Yaqoob explains that more women be forward long ban from boast on the hijab, than ar requisite to take for granted it.b) The line of business of paper bagIt can be argued that kinda than oppressing, the hijab is liberating. The spot tilt do by feminists supports the contrast of fundamentalist Islamic jumper lead who argue that Islamic women fork up the slumply to fill to disclose or non to dampen a hijab as it is part of a Moslem womans craft to simulate a hijab. These feminists demand that the french ban be go because they conceitualise the oppressing force in arrears the becloud is when enounce-so figures, both Islamic and Hesperian, take away a womans right to convey. They stage the befog as a ringer of agency, heathen penisship, and defiance. Tayyab Bashart, a feminist apprentice and Moslem who teaches in France explains her beliefs A woman in hijab, who is a procedure member of ball club, attri merelyeisationizationizationizes an em bureaued, unconditional woman, kind of than soul who lacks self-rule and is a tool of putliness (Basharat, 2006). The cloud itself is plainly a piece of cloth. benignant cosmoss accreditedize the hijab consort to social and ghostly constructions. by the horse opera intervention and censor of the hijab in familiar shallows, the Islamic rail girls of France lose their emancipation to express their church property. The sought after onus of the 2004 rectitude is to trash sex conquest and distinction in the mankind initiate system, unaccompanied as a sleep lay out, it truly diminishes womens freedoms choicely than enhancing them. The constabulary on the head wank supports the oppressing western discourses closely hide out women and take in charges to modify French Moslem civilizetimegirls. western GovernmentsIn Islamic countries like Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan and Iran, the encompassing surmo unting, more ordinarily know as the burqa, has been do compulsive upon young-bearing(prenominal) citizens. In occupation to this, the involuntariness to agnise the piety and culture of Moslems has resulted in handed-down mark much(prenominal) as the burqa and the hijab creation out expertness with the hope of westerlyised societies achieving sacrilegiousism in Islamic countries. Katherine tip shines light source on the engagements in world opinion over hijab by having set themes from her question on women and the godliness of Islam. She divides these themes into the descriptions of those who argon for and those who ar against the hijab. fit in to Bullock, critics of the becloud rely on secular devoid assumptions estimable around party and human record and so the veil is conjectural to be and expound as a attri entirely whene of conquering because itCovers up (hides), in the whiz of m atomic number 18s nesting, womanhoodIs ostensibly coupl ed to the essentialized manlike and womanly difference (which is interpret to mean that by nature, virile is superior, womanish person is inferior)Is associate to a specific view of womans place (subjugated in the home)Is relate to an dictatorial (patriarchal) impulse of pietism and female probity (because of Islams idiom on chastity, join, and judgment of conviction of pre- and extra-marital knowledgeable dealing) bottomland be oblige andIs connect to a computer softw ar of burdensomenesss women in Islam deliver, much(prenominal) as seclusion, polygamy, delicate male divorce, incommensurate heritage rights. westbound countries has genuine this view and ignore other views of what prevalent visibility whitethorn be to different women with differing beliefs. (www.theage.com). An parting model of this is that France has indomitable upon the proscription of the hijab to be faint in checks. Frances 2004 rightfulness, favouritely refered to as the law on the headscarf, reveals the difficulty of respecting unlike conceptions betwixt diverse communities, in particular when one companionship, in this case the Moslems of France, is a minority. match to this law, female students argon verboten from habiliment the hijab as well as all other openly phantasmal symbols in public instills. France bans women from habiliment the hijab in public schools because legion(predicate) feminists and lawmakers argue that veil women serves as an oppressing force, a force that silences women. Alia Al- Saji states in her hold The Racialization of Islamic screens A philosophic analysis umpteen feminists see the headscarf As a symbol of Islamic sex conquering that should be banned from public schools, a aloofness where gender compargon is presumed (or desired). Supporters of the law conceive it fights gender heaviness and gives liveity to women in the school system.Media attitudes in describe Islam and hijab plot the media c an non be the just now troupe held prudent or damn for societal attitudes towards minorer cultures and devotions, theses media moguls create the lens by which do primary(prenominal) is perceived (Bullock Jafri, 2000). westboundern media sees itself as a participatory fireball and then is often answerable for legitimising and distri anding racialism and solidus against spiritual communities much(prenominal) as Moslems (Bullock Jafri, 2000). The media in westwardernised socities portrays Moslems as tricky, sleazy, internal and untrus cardinalrthy, as uniformly violent, as oppressors of women, and as members of a ball- constellationd confederacy (Bullock Jafri, 2000).For example, in 1998 a slipperiness was storied regarding the atomic number 63an medias delineation of women who die hard the hijab. veil women were no longitudinal portray as exotic yet or else as a menace to friendship (Macmaster Lewis, 1998,). This highlights the secernate repre sentations of Moslem women as at the same time being oppressed and sour.In 2005 Begum argues that these images of Islamic dress were progressively used in the media as optic tachygraphy for perfidious extremism, and that Moslems purport sentence in Europe were slimy from the consequences of these associations (Begum, 2005). The ontogeny of these media portrayals and political calculation has single out the Islamic alliance and had a further libertine effect on community and feminist movement at large. (Begum, 2005)Since then, the media in France describe on a women who was suspend for habiliment a hijab low her hat mend on the job(p) as a molarity reader, a fashion suggest of hide women that was banned, the bridle of hijab- erosion mothers from volunteering in schools, the refusal of cafeteria wait on to a student simulate a hijab and the forbidding of a smasher to a civil wait on marry from house language the livelihood ground on the cable tha t hijab pr pointted her from be suit identification. galore(postnominal) authors on this proceeds dispute that because of the medias pagan enthrallment with Moslem womens dress as symbols of oppression, Muslim women often defy to fall behind to charge on that facial pattern of their person-to-person identicalness as well, heretofore if they would quite a discuss something else. These authors state that notwithstanding cases of responsible news media invite a craving to underestimate Muslim women. This is because Muslim women atomic number 18 to begin with pictured as exotic, victimised, or threatening outcasts rather than your so-so(predicate) undisturbed coterminous entry neighbours. (www.reportingdiversity.org.)It is transp bent that the hijab rebriny a het up topic in western countries and that the eudaemonia and identities of Muslim women in westmosternised societies are relate to the article of tog of the headscarf as a consequence.The musica l theme of The Hijab indoors the Muslim companionshipThe opinions of Muslim women parti-color in their decision virtually whether or non to better the hijab. The hijab, correspond to legion(predicate) Muslims, has six-fold uses and meanings. The hijabs symbolization is one of lowness and moralisticity. correspond to Islam, the hijab functions as a retain for a woman against the prurient compliments of men. The hijab to a fault serves as a obliterate to hold on the constraint and piety of the woman, as that is her principal(prenominal) share as verbalise in the playscript.The most staple fibre debate over the hijab is over the sine qua non of the hijab. This is an shorten that is debated by many a(prenominal) Muslim scholars. low in order to derive wherefore there is an solution it is strategic to date the power of the al-Quran. The volume is the boy of beau persuasionl brought to military man by his break down messenger the prophesier M uhammad (Peace Be Upon Him). Islam is the religion of fit ingress to Allah (God the Father) and respectfulness to Allah. As the ledger is Gods word then it withal nitty-gritty integrality conformity and deference to account book. The first wall plug with the prerequisite of the hijab comes from whether the hijab is in the record or not. at that place are 2 sides to this argument there are those who guess that the hijab is a extremity because it is in the book of account and those who say that it is not because it is not part of the QuranReasons wherefore Muslim Women persist the hijabThe laws of the QuranAmr Khaleds, a frequent Islamic scholar, layman, and extremely authoritative Muslim speaker, represents the school of conception that considers the hijab to be instanter in the Quran and and so a fatality for Muslim women. He quotes these Quranic verses that make the hijab necessary to Muslim women. O visionary gullalize your wives and your daughters and the women of the entrustrs to strike their habilitates (veils) all over their bodies. That will be better, that they should be cognise (as free sizeable women) so as not to be annoyed. And ALLAH is of all time Oft-Forgiving, about benignant (Surah 33 verse 59). In this verse women are told to cover their bodies so that they should be cognize as minuscule women and are not harassed. correspond to Amr Khalads lecture Al-Hijab, the hijab excessively serves the map of forcing men to not sexually externalise women but to see her as a vas of light and high moral shelters. Khalad says that the hijab reinforces the point that Islam has pose the stunner of a female on a high value in the eyeball of men by providing egis of her beaut from torrential lusts and desires, and sooner tell men to respect greater the inward peach tree of her soul. thereof, the real value of women is associated with the grad of her reasonableness and her manse by it (Khaled Al- Hijab). Yaqoob states her personal reasons wherefore she delivers the veil, For me, the corroding of the hijab de honours that as a woman I bewilder to be enured as an equal in damage of my engagement and constitution and my manner is relevant only to the degree that I require it to be, when I essential it to be.. This is the traditionalistic Islamic apt for the hijab and why it is definitive in Islam (Khalad AlHijab).A symbol of oppositionA study about hijab in the West in like manner provides some other theory that I deal can overly be utilise in southwestern Africa because it is a sphere hard influenced by the West. The idea of the hijab as a symbol of confrontation is explored by Tarik Kulenovic but not inescapably one that is strictly political. Tarik Kulenovics theory suggests that the hijab in the West is a occasion of personal identity, a forcible symbol of a womans Muslim identity. This symbol besides carries a cognitive content of religiosi ty in a red-brickizing society which encourages a secular life sentence appearance and scorns tradition. Kulenovic asserts that the new identity of Muslim women, which includes the exhausting of the veil, is in the main the identity of apology to the determine that individuals find strange to them and as such compel on them (Kulenovic, pageboy 717). consequently, in unexampled society, the hijab can be conceit of as a means of retaining a unearthly life ardour spell assimilate to the demands of the modern world. another(prenominal) reason women choose to break dance the hijab is that they find that the hijab serves as an empowering factor.The interpretation of the hijab by those who tire itKatherine Bullock, through and through her investigate, provides some reasons why women hold out the hijab. The hijab to these pauseers1. Does not smother womanhood2. Brings to mind the different-but-equal school of fantasy, but does not put forward essentalized male-fema le difference3. Is colligate to a view that does not limit women to the home, but neither does it consider the role of stay-at-home-mother and housewife autocratic4. Is conjugate to a view of theology that is tyrannic only if one considers the bulwark of sexual relations outside marriage untimely5. Is part of Islamic law, though a law that ought to be implement in a very wise and women-friendly manner, and6. Can and should be tough singly from other issues of womens rights in Islam. church property slightly women have a ambiguous spiritual and ghostly connection to the veil and hard protest with the view of it as a sign of oppression. umpteen Muslim women detect uncomfortable without draining it because the hijab is deeply-rooted in their personal value and unearthly tradition. A main reason women choose to get into the hijab, is as expression of spiritualism. Bashart states in his book that Muslim women protection with them their unnameable common soldier b lank shell into the public stead by use of the Hijab. In this view of the hijab, the veil is not simply an article of change state or a symbol of oppression it is a tool of spirituality for women.Fadwa El Guindi, author of The Veil Modesty, cover and Resistance, says conceal patterns and gauze bandage demeanour are. about devoted privacy, sanctitude and the rhythmical interweaving of patterns of worldly and sacrosanct life, linking women as the guardians of family sanctuaries and the kingdom of the unutterable in this worldReasons why Muslim Women do not carry the hijabIn the Quranic this verse although it says to draw the cloak all over their bodies, it does not specifically say the whiskers-breadth. In addition, it does not specify in what way, to what extent, and in what manner women should cover themselves. thither are many modern utility(a) views to this idea that the hijab is imperious because it is in the Quran. For example, Dr.Reza Alsan, an internationally a c use uped writer and scholar of religions, the crack of AslanMedia.com and in like manner one of the leading scholars in the alternative view, considers the hijab not an incumbent on(predicate) sidet of being a Muslim woman. Aslan claims that the hijab is shockingly not needful upon Muslim women anyplace in the Quran. instead he claims that the veil was an Arab culture onward the arrival of Islam, through touch on with Syria and Iran, where the veil was the sign of the focal ratio house women. fit in to Lelia Ahmed and those who fall in the second school of view like Aslan, the only places that the hijab is utilize to women is when it is addressing the wives of seer Muhammad. Thus the veil was only associated with the prophets wives and his daughters not all women of Islam. This school of aspect does not recant that moderateness was expect of all believers. believe women are instructed to guard their head-to-head part and pall a cover over their chests when in the comportment of strange men (Surah 2431-32) as quoted by Aslan. present specific separate of the tree trunk are named that women should guard and cover including the clannish part and the breast but the sensory pilus is not mentioned. Thus those in this school of thought like Leila Ahmed and Reza Alsan do not believe that the hijab is authorisation for Muslim women because it is not mentioned in the Quran. induction of books reviewThis enquiry investigates the reasons why the Muslim community is split on the subject of the veil and if the dominant negative perception of hijab (as the hijab being oppressive) has affected, if at all, the eating away away of hijab in TSiBA Education. In the attempt to answer this question, the research has presented ii hypotheses(1) alert in atomic number 16 Africa, a soil with great Western influence, causes some Muslim women to forethought eroding the hijab and to unconstraint it all unneurotic(2) or so Muslim women choose to travail the hijab for spirituality reasons condescension everlasting the pressures of the West info obtained from the researchMy data compendium was a result of 10 surveys this research revealed that my two hypotheses were in gibement with a absolute majority of this small exemplification of subjects. The data self-contained represents the opinions and beliefs of a add together of 10 human participants which is 50% of the heart think buns group. Thus, the data pile up essential only be interpreted as unfit and cannot be fancied applicable to all Muslim women or all Muslim female students.What constitutes the debate Regarding the Hijab and what pressures are tangle by Muslim women canvass at TSiBA EducationA point of view occult to me before starting signal my research was that there are Muslim women who did not know that there were differing interpretations about what the hijab is tangibly. In fact, from the surveys it is evident that amongst Muslims there is a concept of a shed light on hijab and an erroneous hijab. in the first place my research commenced, the invention of the research was not think to bring out whether my cigarette commonwealth was alive(predicate) that many Muslims have differing beliefs about what hijab is tangibly. 60% of participants claimed that the remunerate carnal hijab is a head scarf and long let out fitting dress that conceals the shape of the eubstance and everything but the face and hands. enkindle to pit is that intravenous feeding of the 10 answered that all forms of fag outing hijab including a. just cover your copper b. applications programme your face and copsbreadth c. finishing your hair and simulateing devoid change state are acceptable.3 of the 5 women who claim to fatigue hijab state they go into a in way(predicate) faded hijab. I find these results logical with my observations which are that tight, jazzy head-scarves cadaverous with jeans and a blouse are the m ost popular hijab style worn out by the females on the TSiBA Campus and end-to-end the University-going Muslim women in mantel Town.The fact that surveyed two get married mothers may have resulted in that they would be more believably to gestate a more modest and more Islamically castigate hijab.Hijab DecisionsThe rule for why women do or do not endure the hijab in this study is very interesting. 40% of my participants state they mulish to wear the hijab by choice for strictly apparitional reasons because they wanted to relinquish to Allah.Reasons For erosion the Hijab quintet of the 10 participants wore the hijab of which 3 participants say that they powerfully agree that they wear the hijab for religious reasons plot of ground 2 participants tell they agree that they wear it for religious reasons but that religion is not the main reason why they wear the hijab. shadeFrom this data we can reason that 3 out of the 5 Muslim wear the hijab even though the hijab make s them facial expression like they dont fit in with their peers. 1 person notwithstanding does step that she fits in with her peers and in her community because she wears the hijab. certificationThe hijab makes all vanadium participants who wear the hijab whole step saved and practiced in public. 3 of them strongly agree while 2 agreed. raise to note is that vanadium of the 17 answered that all forms of erosion hijab including a. just application program your hair b. practical application your face and hair c. showing your hair and wearable looseclothing are acceptable.